Psoriasis

Psoriasis is an autoimmune dermatological disorder characterized by the formation of red, inflamed, and thickened blister-like lesions known as plaques on the skin. This chronic condition leads to persistent skin irritation and itching. The initial symptom of psoriasis is the appearance of small bumps, which gradually enlarge and develop into scaly scales.

Scratching the affected areas can cause the scales to detach, leading to bleeding. The severity of psoriasis can vary from mild to severe, with common symptoms including pruritus (itchy skin), fissured skin, nail pitting, nail fragmentation, and joint pain. Psoriasis can affect various areas of the body, including the palms, face, mouth, elbows, knees, nails, and genital region. The skin's normal cell turnover process takes about 30 days, leading to the accumulation of crusts due to the rapid growth and replacement of skin cells.

There are several types of psoriasis, with the most prevalent being plaque psoriasis, affecting approximately eighty to ninety percent of psoriasis patients. Other types include guttate psoriasis, inverse psoriasis, sebopsoriasis, pustular psoriasis, erythrodermic psoriasis, and nail psoriasis. The causes of psoriasis are multifactorial, with genetic predisposition being a significant factor. Other contributing factors may include emotional stress, infections, skin trauma, certain medications (e.g., lithium and beta blockers), and changes in body temperature due to weather conditions.

While there is no definitive cure for psoriasis, various treatment options can help manage its symptoms. Common treatments include topical corticosteroid creams, specialized skin moisturizers, anthralin-containing medications to slow down skin cell production, vitamin D3 ointments, and retinoid creams. In cases of more extensive involvement or joint pain, alternative treatments such as light therapy using LED lamps with specific wavelengths may be recommended.

Notably, psoriasis is not contagious and cannot be transmitted through contact with affected skin. It differs from eczema, although both conditions share similar symptoms like skin discoloration, rashes, and itching. Psoriatic arthritis is a related condition that causes joint pain and swelling, often associated with psoriasis. However, leading a healthy lifestyle, practicing proper skin care, and avoiding triggers can aid in preventing the onset and exacerbation of psoriasis. A consultation with a doctor is essential before initiating any medication or treatment.