Endoscopic Lumbar

Endoscopic lumbar disc surgery, also known as lumbar endoscopy, is a minimally invasive surgical procedure aimed at alleviating pain caused by a herniated disc in the lower back, which exerts pressure on the nerves or spinal cord. This advanced technique utilizes an endoscope, a small metal tube equipped with a camera and light, allowing for direct visualization through magnified video images and serving as a passage for surgical instruments. Unlike traditional back surgery, this method requires only a small incision, leading to minimal damage to bone and muscle tissue. As a result, patients who undergo endoscopic lumbar discectomy experience reduced surgical trauma and enjoy a shorter recovery period.

The lumbar discs, composed of cartilage and spongy tissue, cushion the individual bones of the spine. With aging, natural wear and tear, or injury, these discs may bulge or herniate, causing compression of nearby nerves and resulting in pain, numbness, or weakness in the back, legs, or buttocks. To ascertain the precise cause of back or leg pain and develop an effective treatment plan, a physical examination assessing function, muscle strength, and range of motion is conducted. If nerve compression is suspected, diagnostic tests like CT scan, MRI scan, and myelogram are prescribed. Electromyograms and nerve conduction studies further aid in determining the location of nerve damage.

Candidates suitable for endoscopic lumbar disc surgery often present with bulging or herniated discs causing pain, weakness, or numbness, and have not responded to conservative treatment methods such as exercise, stretching, corticosteroids, analgesics, or physical therapy. The procedure is also considered for individuals experiencing ruptured discs or chronic radiculitis (pain extending down the leg). Patients with progressively worsening numbness or leg weakness or serious mobility issues due to their condition may also benefit from endoscopic lumbar disc surgery.

During the procedure, the orthopedic surgeon removes the damaged portion of the disc, reducing pressure on the spinal cord and relieving pain. Endoscopic lumbar disc surgery is recommended for those with a herniated disc causing symptoms such as weakness, pain, or tingling in the back and leg. Not all cases of back pain are suitable for endoscopic treatment, and conservative approaches like physical therapy and anti-inflammatory medications are initially explored. The advantages of this minimally invasive method over traditional spine surgery include shorter recovery time, smaller incision with minimal scarring, minimal blood loss, maintenance of spinal mobility, use of local anesthesia, and minimal post-surgical pain or discomfort.

Endoscopic lumbar disc surgery is considered safe and minimally invasive, but as with any surgery, there are risks, including excessive bleeding, reaction to anesthesia, infection, nerve damage, and spinal fluid leak. Adequate removal of disc tissue during the procedure is crucial to prevent the recurrence of herniated discs and persistent nerve pressure. After the surgery, patients can return home on the same day. Pain caused by the surgery is managed with painkillers, and patients are advised to avoid bending, lifting, or twisting the body for several weeks. Nerve recovery may take time, leading to some numbness and tingling in the legs. Most patients can return to work within 2 to 4 weeks, although those with physically demanding jobs may require more time to resume work.